NVIDIA Modulus was previously known as NVIDIA SimNet.
Today, NVIDIA announces the release of Modulus v21.06 for general availability, enabling physics simulations across a variety of use cases.
NVIDIA Modulus is a Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) toolkit for engineers, scientists, students, and researchers who either want to get started with AI-driven physics simulations, or would like to leverage a powerful framework to implement their domain knowledge to solve complex nonlinear physics problems with real-world applications.
V21.06 builds on a successful early access program of baseline features, and layers on additional new capabilities. This GA release introduces support for new physics such as Electromagnetics and 2D wave propagation, as well as delivers a new algorithm that enables wider number of use cases for simulating more complex Fluid-Thermal systems. New time stepping schemes have been implemented for solving temporal problems, treating time as both discrete and continuous.
Other features and enhancements include a gradient aggregation method for increased batch size on each GPU, adaptive sampling for increased point cloud density in regions of high losses, homoscedastic task uncertainty quantification for loss weighting, transfer learning algorithm enables rapid training for efficient surrogate-based parameterization of STL as well as constructive solid geometries and Polynomial Chaos Expansion method for assessing how uncertainties in a model input manifest in its output. Modulus v21.06 also expands the existing network architectures with Multiplicative Filter Networks.
Modulus v21.06 highlights
Electromagnetics
Frequency domain electromagnetic simulation can be carried out using Modulus v21.06. Solution of real form of frequency domain Maxwell’s equation is available either in scalar form (Helmholtz equation) for 1D, 2D and 3D cases, or in vector form for 3D case. The boundary conditions can be perfect electronic conductor (PEC) for 2D and 3D cases, radiation boundary (absorbing boundary) condition for 3D and waveguide port solver for 2D waveguide source. The implementation can solve for 2D TEz and TMz mode frequency domain electromagnetics and 3D electromagnetics in real form.
Time stepping scheme for temporal physics
Transient simulations are required for many computational problems in such fields as fluid dynamics and electromagnetism. Until recently, neural network solvers have struggled to obtain accurate results. Using several innovations in this field, Modulus is now able to solve a variety of transient problems with a significantly greater degree of speed and accuracy. Shown is Taylor-Green vortex decay using transient and turbulent Navier-Stokes simulation.
Transfer learning
In repetitive trainings, such as training for surrogate-based design optimization or uncertainty quantification, transfer learning reduces the time to convergence for neural network solvers. After a model is trained for a single geometry, the trained model parameters are transferred to solve a different geometry, without having to train on the new geometry from scratch.
Transfer learning accelerates patient-specific intracranial aneurysm simulations.
Gradient aggregation
Training of a neural network solver for complex problems requires a large batch size that can be beyond the available GPU memory limits. Increasing the number of GPUs can effectively increase the batch size but in case of limited GPU availability, you can use gradient aggregation. With gradient aggregation, the required gradients are computed in several forward/backward iterations using different mini batches of the point cloud and are then aggregated and applied to update the model parameters. This will, in effect, increase the batch size (although at the cost of increasing the training time).
Increasing the batch size can improve the accuracy of neural network solvers.
These results are more accurate than the 1 GPU result without any Gradient Aggregation.
Recent Modulus on-demand technical sessions
Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Mechanics of Heterogenous Media
IIT-Bombay presented a session on Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Mechanics of Heterogeneous Media. The PINN-based NVIDIA Modulus toolkit is used to develop a framework for the simulation of damage in elastic and elastoplastic materials. For verification, Modulus results are found in good agreement with the analytical solution based on Haghighat et al, 2020.
Using Physics-Informed Neural Networks and SimNet to Accelerate Product Development
Kinetic Vision presented a session on using Physics Informed Neural Networks and Modulus to accelerate product development where the Coanda effect, encountered in aerospace and several industrial applications, is simulated using Modulus. Both 2D and 3D geometries are constructed using the internal Modulus Geometry module and simulated using modified Fourier Network Architecture. The results showed that qualitatively, the velocity flow field predicted by the commercial CFD code, Ansys Fluent and the trained Modulus PINN are very similar. Furthermore, Kinetic Vision did parametric simulations with Modulus and went a step further by taking these results and integrating them into CAD with SolidWorks for automated inference as well as providing a way for users to interact with Modulus from within Solidworks UI.
Hybrid Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Digital Twin in Prognosis and Health Management
University of Central Florida presented a session on Hybrid Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Digital Twin in Prognosis and Health Management where a Digital twin model is built to predict damage and fatigue crack growth in aircraft window panels. Modulus models are based in physics and this ensures accuracy needed for prognosis and health management of structural materials. After Modulus models are trained, they can be used to perform fast and accurate computations as a function of different input conditions. Modulus also achieves good accuracy that the commercial solvers achieve with high degree of mesh refinement. With Modulus, they can scale the predictive model to a fleet of 500 aircraft and get predictions in less than 10 seconds as opposed to taking a few days to weeks if they were to perform the same computations using high-fidelity finite element models.
Physics-Informed Neural Network for Flow and Transport in Porous Media
Stanford University presented a session on Physics-Informed Deep Learning for Flow and Transport in Porous Media where a methodology is used to simulate a 2-phase immiscible transport problem (Buckley-Leverett). The model can produce an accurate physical solution both in terms of shock and rarefaction and honors the governing partial differential equation along with initial and boundary conditions. Read more about this on our NVIDIA blog here.
AI-Accelerated Computational Science and Engineering Using Physics-Based Neural Networks
NVIDIA presented a session on AI-Accelerated Computational Science and Engineering Using Physics-Based Neural Networks that covers state-of-the-art AI for addressing diverse areas of applications ranging from real-time simulation (e.g., digital twin and autonomous machines) to design space exploration (generative design and product design optimization), inverse problems (e.g., medical imaging, full wave inversion in oil and gas exploration) and improved science (e.g., micromechanics, turbulence) that are difficult to solve because of various gradients and discontinuities, due to physics laws and complex shapes.
Building AI-Based Simulation Capabilities in Science & Engineering Courses with NVIDIA SimNet (on-demand webinar)
Learn how NVIDIA Modulus addresses a wide range of use cases involving coupled forward simulations without any training data, as well as inverse and data assimilation problems.
For more information, see the NVIDIA SimNet: an AI-accelerated multi-physics simulation framework paper.
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